Stephen Clarke (born 29 August 1963) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the Scotland national team. Clarke played for St Mirren, Chelsea and the Scotland national team, winning three major trophies with Chelsea towards the end of his career. After retiring as a player, he moved into coaching and worked at Newcastle United, Chelsea, West Ham United and Liverpool. Clarke has since managed West Bromwich Albion and Reading. After a spell coaching at Aston Villa, Clarke was appointed Kilmarnock manager in October 2017 and led them to a European place with a club record points total in his only full season in charge. In May 2019, he was appointed manager of the Scotland national team. He led the team to qualifications for UEFA Euro 2020, their first major tournament for 23 years, and UEFA Euro 2024. Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License - Full article TacticsPlayersComments (0)Country coaches Newcastle United Asst99/00 Chelsea Asst04/08 West Ham United Asst08/10 Liverpool Asst10/12 West Bromwich Albion12/13 League Cup 12/132 EPL 12/1338 FA Cup 12/132 League Cup 13/142 EPL 13/1416 Reading14/15 Championship 14/1525 FA Cup 14/156 Championship 15/1619 League Cup 15/163 Aston Villa Asst16 Aston Villa16 Kilmarnock FC17/19 SPFL 17/1830 SPFL 18/1938 Scotland19/now Euro Qual 2010 Nations Lge B 20/216 Friendlies 212 World Cup Qual 2211 Euro 2020 203 Friendlies 223 Nations Lge B 22/236 Friendlies 232 Euro Qual 248 Friendlies 244 Euro 2024 243 Nations Lge A 24/256Clarke last games Scotland 18-Nov-24 away Poland 1-2 in Nations Lge A Gordon Ralston Souttar Hanley Robertson Gilmour McLean Doak McTominay McGinn Dykes (Sha'nd) (Christie) (Gauld) (Devlin) 15-Nov-24 home Croatia 1-0 in Nations Lge A Gordon Ralston Souttar Hanley Robertson Gilmour McLean Doak McTominay Christie Conway (McKenna) (McGinn) (Arm'ng) (Gauld) 15-Oct-24 home Portugal 0-0 in Nations Lge A Gordon Ralston Souttar Hanley Robertson Gilmour McLean Christie McTominay Doak Adams (Morgan) (Gauld) (Dykes) (Devlin) games black=tourn incomplete --- Today Top Games --- América - León Aston Villa - Liverpool Borussia Dortmund - Sporting Lisbon CS Herediano - Real Salt Lake Golden Arrows - Orlando Pirates Hyderabad FC - Mumbai City Luton Town - Plymouth Argyle Marumo Gallants FC - Mamelodi Sundowns Once Caldas - Deportivo Pereira Paris Saint-Germain FC - Stade Brestois 29 PSV Eindhoven - Juventus Real Madrid - Manchester City Santos Laguna - Cruz Azul Sekhukhune United FC - AmaZulu FC Sporting Kansas City - Inter Miami CF Universidad Central - Corinthians --- Tomorrow Top Games --- 1. FC Heidenheim - FC Copenhagen Ajax Amsterdam - Royale Union Saint-Gilloise Anderlecht - Fenerbahçe Deportivo Saprissa - Vancouver Whitecaps FK Bodø/Glimt - Twente Enschede Galatasaray - AZ Alkmaar Mohammedan SC - Jamshedpur FC Panathinaikos - Vikingur Reykjavik Racing Club - Botafogo-RJ Real Betis - AA Gent Real Sociedad - FC Midtjylland Roma - FC Porto Sheffield United - Fleetwood Town Steaua Bucureşti - PAOK Unión Magdalena - Millonarios --- Recent games --- Argentina - AperturaAustralia - A-LeagueAustralia - A-League WomenAustria - BundesligaBelgium - Belgian Pro LeagueChile - Copa ChileChile - Primera DivisiónColombia - AperturaCroatia - HNLCyprus - Cypriot 1st DivisionDenmark - Danish SuperligaEngland - FA Premier LeagueEngland - FA WSLEngland - League OneEngland - League TrophyEngland - League TwoEngland - National League NorthEngland - National League SouthEngland - The ChampionshipFrance - Division 1 FéminineFrance - Ligue 1France - Ligue 2Germany - 2. BundesligaGermany - BundesligaGermany - Frauen-BundesligaIndia - Indian Super LeagueIreland - First DivisionIreland - Premier DivisionItaly - Coppa Italia FemminileItaly - Serie AItaly - Serie BMexico - ClausuraNetherlands - Eerste DivisieNetherlands - EredivisieNorthern Ireland - NIFL PremiershipPeru - Primera Division PeruanaPoland - EkstraklasaPortugal - Primeira LigaSaudi Arabia - Saudi Pro LeagueScotland - Scottish ChampionshipScotland - Scottish PremiershipSouth Africa - Premier Soccer LeagueSpain - La LigaSpain - Primera División FemeninaSpain - Segunda DivisiónSwitzerland - Challenge LeagueSwitzerland - Super LeagueUSA - USL Super LeagueWales - Welsh Cup------ - AFC Champions League Elite------ - AFC Champions League Two------ - AFC U-20 Asian Cup------ - Champions League------ - CONCACAF Champions Cup------ - CONMEBOL U-20------ - Copa Libertadores------ - Gulf Club Champions League------ - Pinatar Cup select match 15-Feb --- Def y Jus 1:1 Barracas15-Feb --- Aldosivi 2:2 Estud. LP15-Feb --- C Cba SdE 4:0 Belgrano15-Feb --- Indp Rvia 1:4 Tigre15-Feb --- Racing 2:3 Arg.Jrs16-Feb --- Newells 1:2 R.Central16-Feb --- River 1:0 Lanús16-Feb --- Huracán 1:0 Unión16-Feb --- Tall. Cba 1:1 Atl. Tuc17-Feb --- Sarmiento 2:1 Riestra17-Feb --- Gsia. LP 1:0 S.M. SJ17-Feb --- Platense 1:1 Indepte17-Feb --- Vélez 0:2 Godoy Cruz17-Feb --- Instituto 0:1 S.Lorenzo select match 15-Feb --- Melb City 1:0 Perth Gl.15-Feb --- West Utd 0:2 Auckland15-Feb --- Adel Utd 1:2 Newc Jets16-Feb --- West Syd 2:1 Macarthur select match 15-Feb --- Adel Utd 1:1 Canb Utd15-Feb --- Melb City 2:1 Sydney FC16-Feb --- Melb Vic 2:0 Centl Cst16-Feb --- Bris Roar 0:0 West Utd16-Feb --- Perth Gl. 2:1 Well'ton select match 15-Feb --- Salzburg 1:1 WSG Tirol15-Feb --- WAC 3:0 Sturm Graz15-Feb --- Blau-Weiß 1:3 SCR Altach16-Feb --- Grazer AK 0:0 LASK16-Feb --- Hartberg 1:1 Klagnfurt16-Feb --- A Wien 2:1 R Wien select match 15-Feb --- OH Leuven 3:2 Dender15-Feb --- Antwerp 2:1 Kortrijk15-Feb --- STVV 2:2 Cl.Brugge16-Feb --- KAA Gent 3:2 Beerschot16-Feb --- Union SG 0:1 Mechelen16-Feb --- Charleroi 0:1 Anderlcht16-Feb --- Cercle 1:1 Westerlo select match 15-Feb --- Sta. Cruz 0:3 U. Conce16-Feb --- S. Felipe 1:3 S.Wand16-Feb --- Magallane 0:0 S Morning select match 15-Feb --- Palestino 2:1 Cobresal15-Feb --- OHiggins 0:0 Huachipato15-Feb --- U.Chile 5:0 Ñublense16-Feb --- La Serena 1:3 Colo Colo16-Feb --- Limache 1:1 Everton17-Feb --- U.C. 3:1 Audax17-Feb --- La Calera 4:0 Unión select match 15-Feb --- América C 2:0 Santa Fe15-Feb --- Millos 0:1 DIM16-Feb --- Magdalena 0:0 Equidad17-Feb --- Envigado 0:1 Pasto17-Feb --- Fortaleza 2:1 Águilas select match 15-Feb --- NK Istra 1:1 Hajduk select match 15-Feb --- Ethnikos 1:0 Omonia29M15-Feb --- Anorthosis 0:3 Aris.Lim16-Feb --- Omonia 3:1 O.Aradipp16-Feb --- Pafos FC 1:0 Apollon16-Feb --- AEL 1:2 APOEL select match 16-Feb --- Midtjyl. 1:0 Lyngby17-Feb --- Randers 1:2 FC Cph. select match 15-Feb --- Leicester 0:2 Arsenal15-Feb --- A.Villa 1:1 Ipswich15-Feb --- Fulham 2:1 Not.Forest15-Feb --- Man.City 4:0 Newcastle15-Feb --- Southmptn 1:3 Bournemth15-Feb --- West Ham 0:1 Brentford15-Feb --- C Palace 1:2 Everton16-Feb --- Liverpool 2:1 Wolves16-Feb --- Tottenham 1:0 Man.Utd19-Feb --- A.Villa 2:2 Liverpool select match 16-Feb --- Man Utd 3:1 C Palace16-Feb --- Arsenal 5:0 Tottenham16-Feb --- Chelsea 2:1 Everton16-Feb --- Leicester 3:0 A Villa16-Feb --- West Ham 3:1 Brighton16-Feb --- Man City 4:0 Liverpool select match 15-Feb --- Cambridge 0:1 Exeter15-Feb --- Northmptn 0:2 Wrexham15-Feb --- Barnsley 1:2 Huddersfd15-Feb --- Birminghm 1:0 Charlton15-Feb --- Blackpool 3:3 Mansfield15-Feb --- Bristol R 3:1 Burton15-Feb --- Crawley 1:1 Wycombe15-Feb --- L Orient 3:2 Lincoln C15-Feb --- Reading 2:1 Rotherham15-Feb --- Shrewsbry 2:3 Bolton15-Feb --- Stevenage 1:1 Peterboro15-Feb --- Wigan 0:2 Stockport18-Feb --- Crawley 1:1 Wigan18-Feb --- Mansfield 0:3 Lincoln C18-Feb --- Shrewsbry 0:1 Huddersfd18-Feb --- Stevenage 0:1 Burton18-Feb --- Wrexham 1:2 L Orient18-Feb --- Wycombe 2:0 Bristol R select match 18-Feb --- Birminghm 2:1 Bradford select match 15-Feb --- Wimbledon 1:0 Salford15-Feb --- Doncaster 1:2 Grimsby15-Feb --- Bromley 1:0 Fleetwood15-Feb --- Carlisle 0:0 Colchestr15-Feb --- Cheltnham 3:2 Barrow15-Feb --- Gillinghm 0:0 Crewe15-Feb --- Harrogate 1:0 Swindon15-Feb --- Morecambe 2:0 Accringtn15-Feb --- Newport 0:0 Bradford15-Feb --- Tranmere 1:1 MK Dons15-Feb --- Walsall 3:1 Chesterfd18-Feb --- Notts Co 1:1 Colchestr18-Feb --- Fleetwood 0:0 Wimbledon18-Feb --- Morecambe 0:1 Doncaster select match 15-Feb --- Scunthorp 2:1 Scarboro15-Feb --- Chester 4:0 Rushall15-Feb --- Southport 0:0 Darlington15-Feb --- Alfreton 0:2 Kiddmster15-Feb --- Chorley 2:1 S Shields15-Feb --- Marine 1:2 Brackley15-Feb --- Buxton 0:1 Radcliffe15-Feb --- N Market 4:0 Oxford C15-Feb --- Peterb Sp 1:1 Curzon As15-Feb --- Kings Lyn 0:2 Hereford15-Feb --- Leamingtn 3:0 Farsley select match 15-Feb --- Torquay 2:1 Hornchurc15-Feb --- Bor.Wood 3:0 Eastbourn15-Feb --- Hamp Rich 1:2 Chippenhm15-Feb --- Slough 4:0 Worthing15-Feb --- Aveley 1:2 Westn-s-M15-Feb --- Farnboro 3:0 Weymouth15-Feb --- Bath City 0:1 St Albans15-Feb --- Hemel Hmp 0:0 Maidstone15-Feb --- Tonbridge 0:1 Truro15-Feb --- Welling 0:1 Dorking15-Feb --- Chesham 1:3 Enfield T15-Feb --- Salisbury 1:3 Chelmsfrd select match 15-Feb --- Cardiff 1:1 Bristol.C15-Feb --- Oxford U 0:2 Portsmth15-Feb --- Preston 0:0 Burnley15-Feb --- Blackburn 2:0 Plymouth15-Feb --- Hull City 1:1 Norwich C15-Feb --- Luton Town 0:1 Sheff.Utd15-Feb --- Middlsbro 0:1 Watford15-Feb --- Millwall 1:1 West Brom15-Feb --- Sheff.Wed 1:2 Coventry15-Feb --- Stoke City 3:1 Swansea17-Feb --- Leeds 2:1 Sunderland18-Feb --- Preston 1:1 Millwall19-Feb --- Luton Town 1:1 Plymouth select match 15-Feb --- Lyon 7:0 Guingamp15-Feb --- Dijon 2:1 Reims15-Feb --- Fleury 1:1 Strasbourg15-Feb --- Nantes 2:2 Le Havre15-Feb --- PSG 4:1 Montpelr select match 15-Feb --- Marseille 5:1 ASSE15-Feb --- Monaco 7:1 Nantes15-Feb --- Toulouse 0:1 PSG16-Feb --- Montpelr 1:4 Lyon16-Feb --- Lens 0:2 Strasbourg16-Feb --- Reims 0:1 Angers16-Feb --- Le Havre 1:3 Nice16-Feb --- Rennes 0:2 Lille select match 15-Feb --- Dunkerque 1:0 Paris FC15-Feb --- Guingamp 0:3 Metz17-Feb --- Annecy 1:0 Caen select match 15-Feb --- Elversbrg 2:0 Fürth15-Feb --- Kslautern 0:0 Hannover15-Feb --- Braunschw 1:0 Darmstadt15-Feb --- Düssldorf 2:1 Hertha16-Feb --- Schalke 2:1 Karlsruhe16-Feb --- Nürnberg 2:0 SSV Ulm16-Feb --- Regensbg 1:1 Hamburg select match 15-Feb --- Stuttgart 1:2 Wolfsburg15-Feb --- U Berlin 1:2 Mgladbach15-Feb --- Bochum 2:0 Dortmund15-Feb --- St Pauli 0:1 Freiburg15-Feb --- Leverkusn 0:0 Bayern16-Feb --- Werder 1:3 Hoffenhm16-Feb --- Eintracht 3:1 Kiel16-Feb --- Heidenhm 0:2 Mainz select match 15-Feb --- Freiburg 2:0 Köln15-Feb --- SGS Essen 4:1 CZ Jena16-Feb --- Hoffenhm 1:0 Leverkusn16-Feb --- Bayern 1:0 Werder16-Feb --- Wolfsburg 6:1 Eintracht select match 15-Feb --- Chennaiyi 2:1 Punjab15-Feb --- Blasters 0:3 MohunBagn16-Feb --- MOH 1:3 E Bengal19-Feb --- Hyderabad 0:0 Mumbai select match 15-Feb --- Longford 0:1 Bray select match 15-Feb --- Sligo 2:3 Waterford16-Feb --- Bohemians 1:0 Shamrock select match 15-Feb --- Sassuolo 1:3 Roma16-Feb --- Fiorentina 2:3 Juventus select match 15-Feb --- Atalanta 0:0 Cagliari15-Feb --- Lazio 2:2 Napoli15-Feb --- Milan 1:0 H.Verona16-Feb --- Fiorentina 0:2 Como16-Feb --- Monza 0:0 Lecce16-Feb --- Udinese 3:0 Empoli16-Feb --- Parma 0:1 Roma16-Feb --- Juventus 1:0 Inter17-Feb --- Genoa 2:0 Venezia select match 15-Feb --- Carrarese 3:2 Salerntna15-Feb --- Modena 1:1 Spezia15-Feb --- Sassuolo 2:0 Brescia15-Feb --- Sudtirol 2:1 Sampdoria15-Feb --- Bari 1:1 Cremonese16-Feb --- Frosinone 1:1 Reggiana16-Feb --- J. Stabia 3:0 Cosenza16-Feb --- Palermo 2:2 Mantova16-Feb --- Cesena 1:1 Pisa select match 15-Feb --- Atlas 3:2 Puebla15-Feb --- Tigres 2:1 Cruz Azul15-Feb --- Toluca 2:1 Chivas16-Feb --- Querétaro 2:4 Monterrey16-Feb --- San Luis 1:2 León16-Feb --- Pachuca 2:1 Pumas18-Feb --- Atlas 0:4 Necaxa select match 15-Feb --- FC Emmen 1:2 Volendam16-Feb --- Vitesse 2:0 De Graafs16-Feb --- Excelsior 1:1 Helmond S select match 15-Feb --- PSV 2:2 Utrecht15-Feb --- NAC 0:0 Feyenoord15-Feb --- Willem II 1:3 Groningen16-Feb --- NEC 2:2 Almere Cty16-Feb --- Twente 2:0 Waalwijk16-Feb --- Zwolle 1:1 Heerenveen16-Feb --- Ajax 4:0 Heracles select match 15-Feb --- Crusaders 3:1 Ballymena15-Feb --- Dungannon 3:1 Carrick15-Feb --- Glenavon 3:1 Clifton'15-Feb --- Linfield 1:0 Loughgall15-Feb --- Portadown 2:0 Larne18-Feb --- Larne 1:1 Glenavon18-Feb --- Ballymena 1:1 Glentoran select match 15-Feb --- UTC 0:4 Binaciona15-Feb --- ADT 4:3 Atl. Grau15-Feb --- A Sullana 3:1 Ali. Lima15-Feb --- Universit 3:2 Cienciano16-Feb --- S Cristal 2:1 Sp. Boys16-Feb --- Juan P II 0:1 Huancayo16-Feb --- Garcilaso 2:1 C. Unidos17-Feb --- Ayacucho 3:2 Alian UDH select match 15-Feb --- Śląsk 3:0 Widzew15-Feb --- Górnik 3:2 Radomiak15-Feb --- Legia 2:0 Puszcza16-Feb --- Stal M 1:2 Pogoń Sz16-Feb --- Katowice 0:0 P Gliwice16-Feb --- Jagiellon 3:0 Motor L17-Feb --- Zagłębie 1:3 L.Gdansk select match 15-Feb --- Moreirens 3:2 Casa Pia15-Feb --- Nacional 2:2 Estoril15-Feb --- St Clara 0:1 Benfica15-Feb --- Sporting 2:2 Arouca16-Feb --- Rio Ave 1:1 AVS16-Feb --- Farense 0:1 Porto16-Feb --- Guimaraes 0:0 Braga17-Feb --- G Vicente 0:2 Famalicão select match 15-Feb --- Khaleej 0:1 Taawon15-Feb --- Raed 0:2 Al-Fayha15-Feb --- Al-Wehda 1:4 Ittihad select match 15-Feb --- Falkirk 2:2 Ayr Utd15-Feb --- Morton 2:2 Airdrie15-Feb --- Livingstn 0:0 Dunfmline15-Feb --- Q. Park 1:2 Hamilton15-Feb --- Raith 3:0 Partick18-Feb --- Morton 2:0 Hamilton select match 15-Feb --- Celtic 3:0 Dundee U15-Feb --- Dundee 1:2 Aberdeen15-Feb --- Kilmarnck 3:1 St Johnst15-Feb --- Mothrwell 0:3 Ross Co16-Feb --- Hearts 1:3 Rangers16-Feb --- St Mirren 0:0 Hibernian select match 18-Feb --- CTC 0:2 Chippa18-Feb --- Kaizer Ch 1:4 Supersprt18-Feb --- TS Galaxy 2:3 Stelosch18-Feb --- Polokwane 0:1 Magesi19-Feb --- Sekekhune 4:2 AmaZulu19-Feb --- Gallants 1:3 Sundowns select match 15-Feb --- Leganés 3:3 Alaves15-Feb --- Osasuna 1:1 R.Madrid15-Feb --- A.Madrid 1:1 Celta15-Feb --- Villarreal 1:1 Valencia16-Feb --- Espanyol 1:1 Athletic16-Feb --- Valladlid 0:4 Sevilla16-Feb --- Mallorca 3:1 L. Palmas16-Feb --- Betis 3:0 R.Sociedad17-Feb --- Barcelona 1:0 Rayo select match 15-Feb --- Sevilla 3:1 Valencia15-Feb --- UDG Tene 1:1 Eibar16-Feb --- Athletic 2:0 R.Sociedad16-Feb --- Depor 0:0 A.Madrid16-Feb --- Granada 2:1 Espanyol16-Feb --- Barcelona 5:1 Mdrid CFF16-Feb --- R.Madrid 3:2 Lev Bada16-Feb --- Levante 1:2 Betis select match 15-Feb --- Castellon 2:0 Eibar15-Feb --- Cartagena 0:1 Malaga15-Feb --- R.Santder 2:3 Cádiz15-Feb --- Tenerife 2:3 Cordoba16-Feb --- Levante 0:0 Sp.Gijon16-Feb --- Eldense 2:0 Depor16-Feb --- Huesca 1:1 Granada16-Feb --- Zaragoza 0:1 Burgos16-Feb --- R. Oviedo 1:0 Albacete17-Feb --- Almeria 1:1 Elche select match 15-Feb --- Wil 2:1 St. Nyon15-Feb --- Bellnzona 0:1 SLO select match 15-Feb --- Sion 2:1 Zurich15-Feb --- Lugano 2:0 Luzern15-Feb --- Winterthr 1:0 YB Bern16-Feb --- Yverdon 1:0 St Gallen16-Feb --- Grasshopp 1:2 Servette16-Feb --- Basel 1:1 Lausanne select match 15-Feb --- Dallas 1:1 Tampa Sun15-Feb --- CarolinaA 2:1 Lexington select match 15-Feb --- Cambrian 3:1 Carmathen15-Feb --- Denbigh 0:1 Llanelli 15-Feb --- TNS 5:0 Airbus UK16-Feb --- C.Ely 0:2 Connahs select match 17-Feb --- Pakhtakor 2:1 Al-Sadd17-Feb --- Al Shorta 2:0 Al Ain17-Feb --- Perspolis 0:0 Al-Nassr17-Feb --- AhliSaudi 4:2 Gharafa18-Feb --- Al-Rayyan 0:2 Esteghlal18-Feb --- Gwangju 2:2 Buriram18-Feb --- Kawasaki 2:0 Centl Cst18-Feb --- Wasl 0:2 Al-Hilal18-Feb --- Shenhua 4:2 Kobe18-Feb --- JDT 5:2 Pohang19-Feb --- SH Port 0:2 YokohamaM select match 18-Feb --- Sharjah 0:1 AlHussein18-Feb --- Tractor 3:3 Khaldiya19-Feb --- Hiroshima 4:0 Nam Dinh19-Feb --- Bangkok U 2:3 Sydney FC19-Feb --- Shabab AE 4:3 Al-Wehdat19-Feb --- Taawon 1:1 Al-Wakra select match 15-Feb --- Qatar 1:3 Australia15-Feb --- Kyrgyzstan 2:5 China, PR16-Feb --- N. Korea 1:2 Jordan16-Feb --- Yemen 0:6 Iran16-Feb --- Saudi Arb 0:1 Iraq16-Feb --- Indonesia 1:3 Uzbekistan17-Feb --- Syria 2:2 Japan17-Feb --- Thailand 1:4 S. Korea18-Feb --- China, PR 1:2 Australia18-Feb --- Kyrgyzstan 0:4 Qatar19-Feb --- Iraq 0:0 Jordan19-Feb --- Saudi Arb 2:1 N. Korea19-Feb --- Uzbekistan 1:2 Iran19-Feb --- Indonesia 0:0 Yemen select match 18-Feb --- Milan 1:1 Feyenoord18-Feb --- Benfica 3:3 Monaco18-Feb --- Atalanta 1:3 Cl.Brugge18-Feb --- Bayern 1:1 Celtic19-Feb --- Dortmund 0:0 Sporting19-Feb --- PSG 7:0 Brest19-Feb --- R.Madrid 3:1 Man.City select match 18-Feb --- Colorado 2:1 LAFC select match 16-Feb --- Uruguay 1:3 Colombia16-Feb --- Brazil 3:0 Chile16-Feb --- Argentina 2:3 Paraguay select match 18-Feb --- Iquique 2:1 Santa Fe18-Feb --- Ali. Lima 1:0 Boca18-Feb --- Strongest 1:1 Bahia select match 18-Feb --- Ettifaq 1:1 Qadsia SC18-Feb --- Al-Arabi 1:1 Al Riffa19-Feb --- Nasr 0:0 Ahli Sana19-Feb --- Duhok 1:1 Dhofar select match 19-Feb --- Canada 1:1 China, PR